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Oceanography

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The ocean is the planet's dominant climate system. It absorbs the majority of excess heat from greenhouse gas warming. It transports heat from the tropics to the poles through circulation patterns that have shaped climate for millions of years. It absorbs roughly a quarter of all carbon dioxide emitted by human activity. Understanding how the ocean works is not a niche scientific interest — it is foundational to understanding the physical future of the planet.

Oceanography is the study of the ocean as a physical, chemical, biological, and geological system. The sub-disciplines barely resemble each other. Physical oceanography studies currents, waves, tides, and thermohaline circulation — the ocean as fluid dynamics. Chemical oceanography studies the ocean's chemistry: carbon cycling, nutrient distribution, oxygen depletion, acidification. Biological oceanography studies the organisms in the ocean as drivers of biogeochemical cycles, not as subjects of ecological interest in themselves — it is closer to chemistry than to ecology. Geological oceanography studies the seafloor, marine sediments, and the geologic history encoded in sediment cores. All of these sub-disciplines use the ocean as their system, and they require each other's findings to fully understand it.

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Oceanography · PurPassion